Using data from CLHLS 2005, 2008, 2011, 2014 and 2018, this paper constructs a healthy ageing index based on multi-dimensional indicators to portray the age trajectory of healthy ageing of Chinese older adults. From the perspective of life course and health equity, this study analyzes the urban-rural differences and trends in the age trajectory of healthy ageing. The results indicate that the healthy ageing level of urban older adults is significantly better than that of rural older adults, mainly due to the urban advantages in childhood family background, socioeconomic status in adulthood, and institutional support. The urban-rural difference in healthy ageing weakens as age increases, showing a “convergence effect”. This difference has also narrowed across cohorts, mainly because the healthy ageing level of the younger cohorts in urban areas has declined substantially compared to older cohorts. This study discusses policy implications in improving the healthy ageing index system, strengthening dynamic monitoring, and focusing on the effectiveness of healthy ageing intervention policies from the perspective of life course and health equity.

Using the 2016 survey data of fertility decision making collected in Ningbo City,Zhejiang Province,this paper examines the effects of family resources,cultural norms,and gender of the first child on fertility decision making of the second child. Results show that fertility decision making of the second child is constrained by both family resources and cultural norms. About 20% of the women with one child want to have the second child. However,the second child fertility decision-making model is complicated. Women‘’s decision is heavily influenced by whether the existing child can meet their son preference,the
cost-utility of child,and family resources. In addition,the decision-making model varies by household registration. Urban women have relatively low preference for boys,and their decision is primarily determined by family resources. Therefore,their second child fertility decision is more rational. In contrast,migrating and rural women??s fertility decision-making of the second child is characterized by value orientation.Children‘’s utility and boy preference have a greater impact on their fertility decision-making.

Using data from the 2008 Chinese General Social Survey，the article examines patterns and determinants of living arrangement of young people (aged 18-32 with at least one parent alive)，contrasting only children with non-only children. Results show that demographic characteristics，offspring demand and the only child status have significant impacts on the choice of living arrangement of the young children，while parental demand also plays a role in the choice of living arrangement of the only children. Logistic decomposition models suggest that the differences in living arrangement between the only children and the non-only children are largely a result of differences in their choice of living arrangement.Socio-demographic characteristics explain a relatively small proportion of the differences.Disadvantageous population structure in the only-child families is the major determinant of their living arrangement.